It appears to show the years when each part went into production, but I have
no idea how that info could be useful on such a short list of parts, especially
when so many are Duplo. Where did you find it?
It is about the size of a business card, and has more on the other side.
In 1984, Tyco was making 1:1 copies of bricks (and sets, more or less). I guess,
Lego was including cards in their sets to let them know not all their patents
were expired.